Ex situ cryoconservation of genomes and genes of endangered cattle breeds by means of modern biotechnological methods
FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 76
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Ex situ cryoconservation of genomes and genes of endangered cattle breeds by means of modern biotechnological methods |
by
G. Brem
B. Brenig
M. Müller
K. Springmann
Department of Molecular Animal Breeding
University of Munich
Veterinärstrasse 13
D-8000 Munich 22
Federal Republic of Germany
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M-22
ISBN 92-5-102785-4
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, © FAO 1989
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1.1 The Concept of Breeds and Criteria for Breed Endangerment
1.1.2 Criteria for the Endangerment of a Breed
1.2 Reasons for Safeguarding Endangered Breeds
1.3 Fundamental Ways of Establishing Gene Reserves
2.1.1 Embryos (Superovulation, Collection, Cryoconservation)
2.1.4.1 Cryoconservation of Semen
2.1.4.2 Long-Term Storage of Deep-frozen Semen
2.1.5.1 Recovery of Ovulated Oocytes
2.1.5.2 Recovery of Oocytes from Ovaries
2.1.5.3 In Vitro Fertilization
2.1.5.4 In Vitro Fertilization of Deep-Frozen and Thawed Oocytes
2.2.1 Transfer of Thawed Embryos
2.2.2 Generation of Chimaeras from Blastomeres and Conserved Cells
3.1.2 Establishment of Genomic DNA and/or cDNA Libraries
3.1.2.1 Isolation of High-Molecular Weight Genomic DNA and Partial Hydrolysis
3.1.2.2 In Vitro Packaging of Recombinant DNA and Transfection
3.2.1 Establishment of Genetic Libraries From Conserved Material
3.2.2 Generation of Transgenic Cattle
3.2.2.1 Direct Microinjection of DNA
3.2.2.2 Gene Transfer by Retrovirus Vectors
3.2.3 Detection of Transgenic Animals
3.2.4 Breeding with Transgenic Cattle
4.1 Probability of Survival of Small Populations
4.2 Reduction of Genetic Variability
4.3.1 Conservation of Single Genes in Embryo and Semen Banks
4.3.2 Conservation of Single Genes in Genomic Libraries
5 Practical Applications of Embryo Banks
5.1 Stationary Embryo Transfer (ET) Stations
5.2 Mobile Embryo Transfer Teams
5.4 Costs Associated with Establishment of Embryo Banks
6 Conclusions and Consequences
6.1 Endangerment of Cattle Species
6.2 Worthiness of Cattle Breeds for Preservation
6.3 Selection of the Most Appropriate Conservation Technique